Abortion

Definition : an abortion means end of pregnancy by expulsion of an embryo / foetus from the uterus.

If an abortion occurs suddenly, may called as miscarriage . it can be induced and natural/spontaneous abortion.

Classification and etiology : 

1. Induced abortion : it means pregnancy is ending intentionally. If a pregnant woman is not healthy physically and mentally or if a child is having genetic defect or any serious deformity.

In unplanned pregnancy , where parents don’t want a child.

2. natural/spontaneous : in this abortion occurs due to trauma from disease genetic defect or any uterine abnormalities presnt in the uterus.

Types : 

1.  Threatened miscarriage :  it is initial stage of miscarrige where recovery is possible.
2. Inevitable miscarriage: it is advanced stage of miscarriage where pregnancy can’t be continued further.
3. Complete miscarriage : in which complete parts of embryo/ foetus expelled out completely from the uterus.
4. Incomplete miscarriage: when some part of embryo/foetus remained left inside the uterus, called incomplete miscarriage.
5. Septic abortion:  infection may present  in the uterus alongwith abortion called septic abortion. Fever, offensive purulent discharge from vagina or any pelvic infection may occur in this.

Clinical features: 

1. Threatened miscarriage: 

Symptoms: 

•  Slight bleeding which can be brownish or bright red in colour.
• Mild backache with mild pain can occur in the lower abdomen.

2. Inevitable miscarriage:

Symptoms: 

• Increased profuse vaginal haemorrhage with increased intensity of pain in the back and lower abdomen.

3. Complete miscarriage : 

Symptoms: 

• Diminished abdominal pain.
• Vaginal bleeding stops after complete expulsion of the foetus/embryo.

4. Incomplete miscarriage : 

Symptoms: 

• After expulsion of some parts, pain continues.
• Vaginal bleeding is present or it can be profuse.
• Uterus size reduced .

5. Septic abortion: 

Symptoms: 

• Fever with abortion.
• Purulent offensive vaginal discharge
   

Complications: 

1. Profuse bleeding (excessive bleeding) that can be uncontrollable.
2. Excessive bleeding can lead to hemorrhagic shock.
3. Weakness and excessive  fatigue and cramps in the abdomen.
4. Infection can occur after an abortion.

Precautions and management : 

1. Healthy nutritional diet should be taken after an abortion which helps in rretaining of an energy in the body.
2. Avoid excessive physical exertion like heavy weight lifting, washing clothes, etc.
3. Hydration of the body should be  maintained.
4. Avoid sexual intercourse which can cause delayed recovery and results in infection.
5. Increase the intake of multivitamins in diets like iron calcium, etc.

Investigation : 

Blood examination : 

• Hb
• Hematocrit
• ABO and Rh grouping
• Ultrasonography.

Homeopathy management : 

1. Helonias : it is well marked in the atony of the uterus. It can be given after misscariage. Weakness with  pain or heavy sore feeling in the lower abdomen dragging to the sacral region. Prolapse of pelvic muscle after miscarriage. Haemorrhage is of dark dark color with foul smell.vulva is swollen.
    
2. Viburnum opulus : it is well marked in frequent  early miscarriage. Heavy aching feeling or excruciating pain in the pelvic region extends down to the thigh. Pain in the lower back that aggravates in the morning.
    
3. Crocus sativus : crocus sativus is very helpful in threartned abortion. Bleeding is dark and slimy. Uterine hemorrhage with long strings is worse during movements. Movement of foetus is painful and violent.
    
4. Scale cor : it is mainly indicated in threatened abortion at 3rd month of preganancy . and never get better after an abortion. Bearing type of pain , contracted uterus, hourglass labour contractions. Dark greenish offensive  discharge.