Oropharyngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that develops in the oropharynx, the part of the throat located behind the mouth. Many oropharyngeal cancers develop from squamous cells, which form the lining of the oropharynx. The cancer may affect areas such as the base of the tongue, tonsils and soft palate. The exact cause is not always…

Osteosarcoma, also called osteogenic sarcoma, is a type of bone cancer that develops when abnormal bone-forming cells grow uncontrollably. It can occur in any bone, but it most commonly develops in the long bones of the arms and legs, particularly around the knee. It can also occur less commonly in the pelvis, jaw or skull. Osteosarcoma is more commonly diagnosed…

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the ovaries, which are part of the female reproductive system. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. Ovarian cancer may not cause obvious symptoms in its early stages. When symptoms do occur, they can sometimes be mistaken for common digestive or menstrual problems. Persistent or unusual…

Ovarian germ cell tumors are tumors that develop from germ cells, the cells in the ovaries that normally develop into eggs. These tumors are relatively uncommon and occur more often in teenagers and younger women. Many ovarian germ cell tumors are benign, although some can be malignant and require specialist cancer treatment. Because ovarian tumors can have different types and…

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It develops when the tissues within a joint gradually change and the protective cartilage covering the ends of bones becomes damaged over time. Osteoarthritis most commonly affects the knees, hips, hands, and spine, although it can affect other joints as well. Symptoms may include joint pain, stiffness, tenderness, reduced movement, swelling, and…