If you or someone in your family has been diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), it can feel overwhelming. The word "leukemia" alone is scary enough. But many patients and caregivers today are looking beyond conventional treatment alone — they…
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer. It develops from basal cells, which are found in the lower part of the epidermis and help produce new skin cells. Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from…
Bile duct cancer, also called cholangiocarcinoma, is a rare cancer that begins in the bile ducts. The bile ducts are a network of small tubes that carry bile from the liver and gallbladder into the small intestine, where bile helps…
Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the bladder, the hollow muscular organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine before it leaves the body. Most bladder cancers begin in urothelial cells, which line the inside of…
Bone cancer is a rare cancer that begins in the cells of a bone. It is different from a benign bone tumor, which is non-cancerous and generally does not spread to distant parts of the body. It is also important…
A brain tumour is a mass or growth of abnormal cells that develops in the brain. Brain tumours may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They can develop in different parts of the brain and may also occur in the…
Burkitt lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma that affects the lymphatic system. It is a rapidly growing type of lymphoma that can occur in different parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, bone marrow and other organs.…
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), also called Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, is a type of leukemia that affects the blood-forming cells in the bone marrow. It is associated with the abnormal production and accumulation of certain white blood cells. CML generally progresses…
Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of rare, chronic blood disorders that affect the bone marrow and the production of blood cells. In these conditions, the bone marrow produces an excessive or abnormal number of mature blood cells. Depending…
Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus. It is the most common type of cancer that starts in the uterus and occurs more often after menopause. Abnormal vaginal bleeding—especially…
Ependymoma is a type of tumour that can develop in the brain or spinal cord. It develops from ependymal cells, which line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. Ependymomas can occur at different…
Esophageal cancer is a cancer that develops in the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the throat to the stomach. The cancer begins in the cells lining the esophagus and may grow into deeper layers as…
Esophageal cancer is a cancer that develops in the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the throat to the stomach. The cancer begins in the cells lining the esophagus and may grow into deeper layers as…
Ewing sarcoma is a rare type of malignant tumour that commonly affects children, teenagers and young adults. It can develop in different parts of the body, particularly the pelvis, thigh, chest wall, ribs and upper arms. The exact cause of…
Extra cranial germ cell tumor is a rare type of tumor that develops from germ cells. Germ cells are the cells responsible for producing eggs in females and sperm in males. These tumors can develop in the gonads, such as…
Extra gonadal germ cell tumors are rare tumors that develop from germ cells outside the gonads. Germ cells are normally found in the reproductive organs, where they develop into eggs in females and sperm in males. In some cases, germ…
Extra gonadal germ cell tumors are rare tumors that develop from germ cells outside the gonads. Germ cells are normally found in the reproductive organs, where they develop into eggs in females and sperm in males. In some cases, germ…
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation and accumulation of Langerhans cells, a type of white blood cell. LCH can affect different organs and tissues of the body. The symptoms and severity can vary…
Laryngeal cancer is a cancer of larynx. It is a type of cancer that arises in the cells of larynx. Larynx is also Laryngeal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of the larynx, which is…
Lip and oral cavity cancer refers to cancer that develops in the tissues of the lip or oral cavity (mouth). The oral cavity includes several structures, including the lips, tongue, gums, palate, and inner lining of the cheeks. Cancer can…
Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, occurs when there is abnormal growth of cells in the liver. It is a serious condition that requires proper medical evaluation and care. At 247 Homeopathy, Zirakpur, Dr. Ruchi provides individualized homeopathic consultation…
Lung cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lungs. It occurs when abnormal cells in the lungs grow and multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Lung cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic…
Male breast cancer is a rare type of cancer that develops in the breast tissue of men. Although breast cancer is much more common in women, men also have a small amount of breast tissue in which cancer can develop.…
Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the neck with an occult primary is a condition in which squamous cancer cells are found in one or more lymph nodes of the neck, but the original site where the cancer started cannot initially…
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and potentially aggressive type of skin cancer. It develops from Merkel cells, specialized cells in the skin that are involved in the sense of touch. Merkel cell carcinoma most commonly appears on areas…
Mesothelioma is a rare and serious type of cancer that develops in the mesothelium, the thin protective lining surrounding certain organs. It most commonly affects the pleura, the lining around the lungs, but it can also develop in the lining…
Metastatic cancer is cancer that has spread from the place where it first started (the primary site) to another part of the body. The cancer that has spread is called metastatic cancer, and the new areas are called metastatic sites.…
Midline tract carcinoma with NUT gene changes, also known as NUT carcinoma, is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that primarily affects structures around the midline of the body. The NUT gene, also known as nuclear protein in testis,…
Mouth cancer, also called oral cancer, is an abnormal growth of cells in the mouth or oral cavity. It comes under head and neck cancer and can affect different parts of the mouth. Mouth cancer may develop in the tongue,…
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are a group of inherited disorders that mainly affect the endocrine system. The endocrine system includes glands that produce hormones and regulate many important functions of the body. Different types of MEN can affect different…
Mycosis fungoides is a rare type of cancer that mainly affects the skin. It is a form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a group of cancers involving T cells, which are a type of white blood cell. In mycosis fungoides,…
Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It mainly affects young children, most often during early childhood. One of the most important signs parents may notice is a white or…
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is also known by acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute lymphoid leukemia It happens when body makes too many of immature white blood cell, in your bone marrow. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia the immature form of B,…
Homeopathy Treatment for Adrenocortical Carcinoma is often searched by patients and families looking for supportive care alongside conventional cancer treatment. Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer that develops in the outer layer of the adrenal gland. While surgery, chemotherapy,…
AIDS-related cancers are certain types of cancers that occur more frequently in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) due to a weakened immune system. Although advances in HIV treatment have reduced the risk of many complications, some cancers continue…
Anal cancer is a relatively uncommon type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the anal canal, the short passage at the end of the rectum through which stool leaves the body. Although it is less common than colorectal…
Appendix cancer is a rare type of cancer that develops in the appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine. One of the most common forms is a neuroendocrine tumor (NET), which arises from specialized neuroendocrine cells that produce…
An astrocytoma is a type of brain or spinal cord tumor that develops from astrocytes, which are star-shaped supporting cells (glial cells) of the central nervous system. Astrocytes help protect nerve cells, maintain the brain's environment, and support normal brain…
Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor (ATRT) is a rare and aggressive tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) that primarily affects infants and young children, although it can occasionally occur in adults. The tumor usually develops in the brain but may…
Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP) is a condition in which cancer has spread to another part of the body, but doctors are unable to identify where the cancer originally started. Normally, the place where a cancer first develops is called…
Introduction Cervical cancer is a cancer that develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina. It occurs when cells lining the cervix become abnormal and malignant and begin to grow uncontrollably.…
Childhood cancer can develop in different parts of a child's body, including the blood, lymph nodes, brain, spinal cord, kidneys, bones and other organs. Cancer in children is relatively uncommon. It occurs when normal cells become abnormal and begin growing…
A childhood cardiac tumor is a tumor that develops in or around the heart of a child. Cardiac tumors can arise from different layers of the heart, including the inner lining, heart muscle or the pericardium surrounding the heart. Cardiac…
Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as bile duct cancer, is a cancer that develops in the bile ducts. The bile ducts are slender tubes that carry bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver, toward the gallbladder and small intestine. When cells…
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a type of blood cancer in which the bone marrow produces an abnormally high number of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell (WBC). Lymphocytes normally play an important role in the body's immune system.…
Colorectal cancer is a cancer that develops in the large intestine. The large intestine includes the colon and rectum, and cancer can develop in either area or involve both. Colorectal cancer commonly begins as a growth called a polyp. Some…
Craniopharyngioma is a rare brain tumor that develops near the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, areas involved in important functions such as hormone regulation, growth, metabolism and other body processes. It is generally a slow-growing tumor and is usually considered benign,…
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare type of lymphoma that develops from abnormal T-lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell involved in the immune system. In CTCL, abnormal T-lymphocytes can migrate to and accumulate in the skin, causing different…
Embryonal tumors are rare, malignant tumors that develop in the brain and central nervous system (CNS). They are most commonly seen in children and young people, although some types can occur at other ages. These tumors develop from cells that…
Medulloblastoma in children is a type of brain tumor that commonly develops in children and arises in the cerebellum, a part of the brain located at the base of the skull. It can affect movement, balance and coordination because of…
Childhood extracranial germ cell tumors are rare tumors that develop from germ cells outside the brain. Germ cells are present during fetal development and later develop into sperm in the testes and eggs in the ovaries. Sometimes, these cells undergo…
Extragonadal germ cell tumors are rare tumors that develop from germ cells outside the gonads. Germ cells normally develop in the testicles in males and ovaries in females, but in some cases, germ cell tumors can occur in other parts…
Fallopian tube cancer is a rare type of cancer that develops in the lining or tissue of a fallopian tube. The fallopian tubes are narrow tubes that connect the ovaries with the uterus. In some cases, cancer may begin near…
Gallbladder cancer is a rare type of cancer that develops when cells of the gallbladder become abnormal, malignant and start growing uncontrollably. The gallbladder is a small pouch located below the liver on the right side of the abdomen. Its…
Gastric cancer, also called stomach cancer, develops when normal cells in the inner lining of the stomach become abnormal and malignant and begin growing uncontrollably. Gastric cancer can affect different parts of the stomach. The symptoms and treatment approach can…
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are tumors that develop in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, most commonly in the stomach or small intestine. These tumors develop from specialized cells associated with the gastrointestinal tract called interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). GISTs mainly…
A germ cell tumor is a rare tumor that can develop from germ cells. When these tumors occur in the brain or central nervous system (CNS), they are often found near the pineal gland or pituitary region. Germ cells normally…
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a rare group of conditions involving abnormal growth of cells that normally develop into the placenta during pregnancy. GTD can occur during pregnancy or after a pregnancy ends. Some forms are benign, while others can…
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare, slow-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow. It affects B lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Under a microscope, the abnormal cells have fine hair-like projections, which is why the condition…
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare, slow-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow. It affects B lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Under a microscope, the abnormal cells have fine hair-like projections, which is why the condition…
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis is a disorder in which there is an abnormal increase in a certain type of cell called histiocyte cells. These cells help the body destroy foreign material and fight infection. Extra or abnormal production of histiocyte cells…
Hodgkin lymphoma is an uncommon cancer in which B lymphocytes grow abnormally and collect in the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are an important part of the lymphatic system. When lymphocytes lose some of their normal infection-fighting properties, a person may…
The hypopharynx is the lowest section of the pharynx. When the mucous membrane of the hypopharynx becomes cancerous and starts growing abnormally, it is called hypopharyngeal cancer. It is an uncommon type of head, neck and throat cancer. What Is…
Intraocular melanoma is a rare type of cancer that develops in the middle layer of the eye. It occurs when melanocyte cells of the eye, which give color to the eyes, start growing abnormally. Intraocular melanoma is also known as…
Islet cells are endocrine cells present in the pancreas. These cells secrete insulin, which helps control blood sugar levels. When islet cells start growing abnormally, it is called an islet cell tumor. Islet cell tumors are a rare type of…
Kaposi sarcoma is a type of cancer that develops from cells lining blood and lymphatic vessels. It can appear as lesions or tumors on the skin and inside the mouth, but it may also develop in other parts of the…
Kidney cancer develops when cells in the kidney begin to grow abnormally and form a mass or tumor. It can affect one kidney and, less commonly, both kidneys. A kidney mass may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), so appropriate…
Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers are rare cancers that develop in the tissues of the nasal cavity or the air-filled spaces around the nose called the paranasal sinuses. These cancers are included among head and neck cancers. They can…
Nasopharyngeal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat located behind the nose. It occurs when cells lining the nasopharynx undergo abnormal changes and begin to grow uncontrollably. Because the nasopharynx…
Neuroblastoma is a rare type of cancer that develops from immature nerve cells called neuroblasts. It mainly affects infants and young children, although teenagers and adults can rarely develop it. Neuroblastoma can occur in different parts of the body where…
Non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a group of cancers that develop from abnormal lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that forms part of the immune system. Lymphocytes are found throughout the lymphatic system, including lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone…
Non small cell lungs cancer is one of primary lungs cancer in which epithelial cell of lungs tissues become cancerous and start growing abnormally There are subtype of NSCLC according to type of cell includes: These types are- Adenocarcinoma - …
Oropharyngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that develops in the oropharynx, the part of the throat located behind the mouth. Many oropharyngeal cancers develop from squamous cells, which form the lining of the oropharynx. The cancer…
Osteosarcoma, also called osteogenic sarcoma, is a type of bone cancer that develops when abnormal bone-forming cells grow uncontrollably. It can occur in any bone, but it most commonly develops in the long bones of the arms and legs, particularly…
Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the ovaries, which are part of the female reproductive system. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. Ovarian cancer may not cause obvious symptoms in its…
Ovarian germ cell tumors are tumors that develop from germ cells, the cells in the ovaries that normally develop into eggs. These tumors are relatively uncommon and occur more often in teenagers and younger women. Many ovarian germ cell tumors…
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a rare type of cancer that can develop in soft tissues and, less commonly, as a primary sarcoma of bone. Soft tissues are the structures that connect, support, and surround different parts of the body.…
Testicular germ cell cancer develops when the germ cells in the testicles, which normally develop into sperm, begin to grow abnormally and uncontrollably. Most testicular cancers are germ cell cancers. Testicular germ cell cancers are mainly divided into two types:…
Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor (ATRT) is a rare and aggressive tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) that primarily affects infants and young children, although it can occasionally occur in adults. The tumor usually develops in the brain but may…
Cervical spondylosis is a common age-related condition affecting the bones, discs, joints and ligaments of the neck, also called the cervical spine. It is sometimes referred to as cervical osteoarthritis or arthritis of the neck. Many people develop changes in…
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune condition that mainly affects the joints. It can cause pain, swelling, warmth and stiffness, particularly in the hands, wrists, feet and knees. Unlike osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis can affect the whole body and may…
Coccyx pain, also known as coccydynia, is pain felt in and around the coccyx, the small triangular bone at the bottom of the spine, just above the cleft of the buttocks. It may develop after an injury, prolonged sitting, childbirth,…
Several nearby muscles, ligaments, and tendons, as well as the shoulder joint itself, can cause shoulder pain. When shoulder pain originates from the joint, it typically gets worse when the arm or shoulder is used or moved. Shoulder pain is…
Wrist rheumatism is a term commonly used to describe wrist pain, stiffness, swelling, or discomfort associated with conditions affecting the wrist joints, surrounding tissues, or nerves. Wrist pain can develop after an injury such as a fracture or sprain. It…
Small joint pain can affect the hands, fingers, wrists, feet, toes and other smaller joints. The pain may be occasional or persistent and can be associated with stiffness, swelling, tenderness or difficulty moving the affected joint. Joint pain can have…
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It develops when the tissues within a joint gradually change and the protective cartilage covering the ends of bones becomes damaged over time. Osteoarthritis most commonly affects the knees, hips, hands, and…
Uric acid is a waste product produced by the body when it breaks down purines. Normally, uric acid is removed from the blood by the kidneys and passed out of the body through urine. When the body produces too much…
Lower back pain is a very common problem that can affect people of different ages. It may occur due to strain or injury to the muscles, tendons or other structures of the back. Lower back pain may also be associated…
Sciatica pain occurs when the sciatic nerve or its nerve roots become irritated or compressed. The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body and travels from the lower back through the buttocks and down the legs. The pain…
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects attention, impulse control, and activity levels. It usually begins in childhood and may continue into adolescence and adulthood. Children with ADHD often find it difficult to focus, stay…
A fibroadenoma of the breast is a common benign (non-cancerous) breast lump. It is most often found in adolescents and young women, although fibroadenomas can occur at different ages. A fibroadenoma is usually round or oval, well-defined and firm or…
Egg allergy is an immune-system reaction to proteins found in eggs. The body mistakenly identifies certain egg proteins as harmful and releases chemicals such as histamine, which can cause allergic symptoms. Egg allergy is more common in children, and some…
Dyspareunia is the medical term for recurrent or persistent pain during sexual intercourse. The pain may occur before, during, or after sexual activity and can affect the genital area, pelvis, lower abdomen, or surrounding areas. Dyspareunia can affect both women…
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. It commonly affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes and tissues around the pelvis, although it can occur in other locations as…
Esophageal varices are enlarged, swollen veins in the lower part of the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. They usually develop when increased pressure in the portal vein system, known as portal hypertension, causes…
Ear discharge, medically known as otorrhea, refers to fluid or material coming out of the ear canal. The discharge may be earwax, clear fluid, pus or blood, depending on the underlying cause. Earwax is normal and helps protect the ear…
Dry eye, also called dry eye disease or dry eye syndrome, is a common eye condition that occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or when tears evaporate too quickly or do not have the right composition. Tears…
E. coli (Escherichia coli) is a group of bacteria commonly found in the intestines of humans and other animals. Most E. coli strains are harmless and are part of the normal intestinal microbiome. However, certain strains can cause infections. E.…
Eye floaters are small spots, specks, threads or cobweb-like shapes that appear to move across your field of vision. They may look black, grey or translucent and are often easier to notice when looking at a bright, plain background such…
Fatty liver disease occurs when too much fat builds up in the liver cells. Fatty liver is also known as hepatic steatosis. Heavy drinking or excessive alcohol consumption can cause fat to build up inside the liver cells and affect…
A ganglion cyst is a fluid-filled sac that usually develops around a joint or tendon. It is generally benign and non-cancerous and contains a clear, sticky or jelly-like fluid. A ganglion cyst may be painless or may cause pain, stiffness…
Gastroparesis is a condition in which the normal movement of the stomach becomes slow because of problems affecting the nerves or muscles that control stomach movement. Normally, muscular contractions called peristaltic movements help move food from the stomach into the…
Genital warts are also known as condyloma acuminatum. They are small, non-cancerous growths that can appear on the skin or mucous membranes around the genital area. Genital warts are caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) and are a…
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the herpes simplex virus, mainly HSV-1 or HSV-2. It can cause painful blisters or sores around the genital and anal areas. The infection can affect both males and females. Some…
Giardiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia duodenalis. It commonly spreads when a person consumes contaminated food or water or comes into contact with contaminated environments. Some people with giardiasis do not develop noticeable symptoms. Others may…
Golfer’s elbow, medically known as medial epicondylitis, is a condition that causes pain around the inner side of the elbow. It commonly develops when the tendons that attach the forearm muscles to the inside of the elbow are repeatedly overloaded.…
Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can affect the genitals, rectum, throat and, less commonly, the eyes. Gonorrhoea can sometimes cause no noticeable symptoms, particularly in women. Because an infected person may…
Graves disease is an autoimmune condition that causes an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). In this condition, the immune system produces antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland to make excessive thyroid hormones, mainly T4 and T3. Because thyroid hormones influence metabolism, the…
Fibroids are abnormal growths that develop in or on a women's uterus. Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They are made up of the muscles and connective tissue from the wall of the uterus. Sometimes these tumors become quite large and…
Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a painful condition affecting the fingers. It can affect one finger or more than one finger at the same time. A person with a trigger finger may find that a finger becomes…
Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful, or chronic condition involving the trigeminal nerve. Severe pain on one side of the face due to compression, inflammation, or damage to the trigeminal nerve. More common over the age of 50. It is characterized…
Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder involving repeated involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics. It usually begins during childhood or adolescence. A person with Tourette syndrome has multiple motor tics and at least one type of vocal or phonic tic.…
Tonsil surgery is medically known as a tonsillectomy. It is a surgical procedure in which the palatine tonsils at the back of the throat are removed. Tonsils are part of the immune system and are located on either side of…
Tonsil stones are small, hardened lumps that form in the crypts or small folds of the tonsils at the back of the throat. They are also called tonsilloliths. Tonsil stones can develop when debris such as food particles, mucus, dead…
Throat cancer refers to cancer that develops in tissues of the throat or nearby structures such as the pharynx or larynx. It occurs when abnormal cells begin to grow and divide uncontrollably. The throat is a tube-like structure that extends…
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that mainly affects the joints. It can cause pain, swelling, warmth and stiffness, and over time may damage the joints and affect mobility. RA commonly affects the same joints on both sides…
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), commonly referred to as PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome), is a hormonal condition that can affect women of reproductive age. It may cause irregular menstrual cycles, hormonal changes, acne, unwanted facial or body hair, weight changes and…
Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharynx, the area at the back of the throat. It commonly causes a sore or painful throat and may occur along with fever, cough, difficulty swallowing and general weakness. Pharyngitis can be caused by a…
Pemphigoid is a group of autoimmune blistering disorders in which the immune system mistakenly attacks structures that help keep the layers of the skin and mucous membranes attached. This can lead to itchy, painful or tense blisters on the skin…
Morning sickness is also known as nausea gravidarum, nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), emesis gravidarum and pregnancy sickness. It refers to nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, particularly during the first trimester. It is common during early pregnancy and is…
Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can occur at any age and may be caused by infections such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and, less commonly, other organisms or conditions. Viral…
Low blood pressure, also called hypotension, occurs when blood pressure is lower than the range expected for an individual. A reading around 90/60 mmHg or lower is commonly considered low blood pressure, although a low reading does not always mean…
Keratoconus is an eye condition in which the cornea progressively becomes thinner and develops an irregular, cone-like shape. This change in the shape of the cornea can cause blurred and distorted vision. It usually develops between the ages of 8…
Heartburn is a burning sensation or pain felt in the chest, just below the breastbone or sternum. It is commonly associated with acidity and may become worse after eating oily or fatty foods, in the evening, or while lying down.…
Gastroenteritis is inflammation or infection of the stomach and intestines that commonly causes sudden diarrhea, vomiting, nausea and abdominal cramps. It is often called the “stomach flu,” although it is not the same as influenza. Gastroenteritis can be caused by…
Elbow pain is discomfort around the elbow joint that can affect movement, grip strength and everyday activities such as lifting, carrying or working with the arm. It may result from overuse, muscle or tendon strain, injury, inflammation, arthritis or nerve…
Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a viral infection caused by the dengue virus (DENV). It is transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes and is commonly seen in tropical and subtropical regions. The most common symptoms…
Depression is a mental health condition in which a person experiences a persistent feeling of sadness, low mood or loss of interest in activities. It can affect emotional well-being, sleep, appetite, concentration, relationships and everyday activities. Depression can affect people…
Dermatophytosis is a fungal infection of the skin, hair or nails caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes. It is commonly known as ringworm, although it is not caused by a worm. Dermatophytosis can affect different parts of the…
Every child develops at their own pace. Child development refers to the way a child learns and develops skills as they grow. Development is different from physical growth. Growth refers mainly to changes in a child's physical size, while development…
Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic metabolic conditions in which blood glucose (blood sugar) levels remain higher than normal over time. It develops when the body does not produce enough insulin, does not respond properly to insulin, or both.…
Diaper rash is a common skin problem in babies and young children. It usually appears as redness, irritation or inflammation on the skin covered by the diaper, particularly around the buttocks and genital area. The medical term for irritation caused…
Disc prolapse, also known as a slipped disc or herniated disc, is a condition in which the soft inner part of a spinal disc bulges through its outer fibrous layer. This may compress nearby nerves and cause lower back pain,…
Dupuytren’s disease is a connective tissue condition affecting the palm and fingers. It causes abnormal thickening of the fascia, the fibrous tissue beneath the skin of the palm. Over time, this thickened tissue can form firm cords that pull one…
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition caused by compression or irritation of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. It can cause numbness, tingling, pain and weakness in the hand and fingers. Symptoms…
Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the deeper layers of the skin, usually involving the dermis and tissues beneath the skin. It can develop anywhere on the body but commonly affects the lower legs and feet. Cellulitis usually develops when…
Cervicitis is inflammation of the cervix, the lower, narrow part of the uterus that connects the uterus with the vagina. It may occur because of an infection, particularly sexually transmitted infections (STIs), or because of irritation or other noninfectious causes.…
Cholelithiasis is the medical term for gallstones, which are hardened deposits that form inside the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver. It stores and concentrates bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver that…
Cirrhosis of the liver is a late stage of long-term liver disease in which healthy liver tissue is gradually replaced by scar tissue. This scarring can permanently change the structure and function of the liver. Cirrhosis usually develops over many…
Climacteric blues refers to emotional and mood-related difficulties that may occur during the menopausal transition. The climacteric period includes perimenopause, menopause and the postmenopausal years. During perimenopause, ovarian hormone levels fluctuate and eventually decline. These changes can occur alongside hot…
Conjunctivitis, commonly called pink eye, is inflammation of the conjunctiva—the thin, transparent membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. It can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, an allergy, or…
Cradle cap is a common and usually harmless skin condition affecting babies, causing greasy, yellowish or white scales and crusts on the scalp. The medical term is infantile seborrheic dermatitis. It can sometimes also affect the eyebrows, eyelids, behind the…
Cervical spondylosis is an age-related degenerative condition affecting the bones, discs and joints of the neck (cervical spine). It is sometimes called neck arthritis or cervical osteoarthritis. The condition becomes more common with age because the discs and joints of…
Barbers itch, also known as Tinea Barbae, is a fungal infection that affects the hair-bearing areas of the face and neck. It commonly involves areas such as the beard, chin, upper lip and neck. The condition is more commonly seen…
Bleeding gums can be a sign of gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gums. Gingivitis commonly develops when plaque, a thin film of bacteria, accumulates around the teeth and along the gumline. If plaque is not removed properly, it can…
Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelids, usually affecting the edges of the eyelids around the eyelashes. It may occur when the oil-secreting glands around the eyelids become blocked or irritated. Blepharitis can cause itching, burning, redness, watering, crusting and a…
Blepharospasm is a condition in which the eyelid muscles contract involuntarily, causing excessive blinking or repeated eyelid spasms. The movements are usually spontaneous and difficult to control. Some people may initially notice occasional eye twitching or increased blinking. In more…
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition associated with difficulties in regulating emotions, self-image, behavior and interpersonal relationships. A person with BPD may experience intense or rapidly changing emotions, impulsive behavior, insecurity, feelings of worthlessness, anxiety and difficulties…
Breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the breast grow and multiply in an uncontrolled way. Breast cancer can begin in different parts of the breast and, depending on its type and stage, may remain within the breast or spread…
Bronchiectasis is a long-term lung condition in which the airways, also called bronchi, become permanently widened and damaged. Because the airway walls are damaged, mucus can build up and become difficult to clear. This can lead to a persistent cough,…
A bunion is a bony prominence that develops near the joint at the base of the big toe. It occurs when the big toe gradually moves toward the smaller toes while the joint at the base of the toe becomes…
A burn is an injury to the skin or deeper tissues caused by heat, flames, hot liquids, steam, chemicals, electricity, radiation or excessive exposure to sunlight. Burns can range from a minor superficial injury to a serious and potentially life-threatening…
Burping, also called belching or eructation, is the process of releasing swallowed air or gas from the stomach through the mouth. Occasional burping is normal and often happens after eating or drinking. However, frequent or excessive burping may become uncomfortable…
Amenorrhea is the medical term for the absence of menstrual periods. While missing a period occasionally may not always indicate a health problem, the absence of menstruation for several months should be medically evaluated, especially if pregnancy has been ruled…
Ankle pain is a common problem that can affect people of all ages. It may develop suddenly after an injury or gradually due to arthritis, tendon disorders, nerve compression, or other medical conditions. Mild ankle pain often improves with rest,…
Feeling anxious before an important event, examination, interview, or life change is a normal part of life. However, when anxiety becomes persistent, excessive, difficult to control, and begins to interfere with daily activities, relationships, work, or sleep, it may indicate…
Red, itchy, watery eyes are common symptoms of an eye allergy, also known as allergic conjunctivitis. This condition occurs when the eyes react to allergens such as dust, pollen, smoke, pet dander, or certain cosmetic products. Although eye allergies are…
Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin conditions affecting teenagers and adults. It develops when hair follicles become blocked with excess oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and bacteria, leading to inflammation and the formation of pimples. Acne can…
Achalasia cardia is a rare disorder of the esophagus (food pipe) in which food and liquids have difficulty passing into the stomach. This happens because the muscles of the lower esophagus fail to relax properly during swallowing, causing food to…
Heavy menstrual bleeding, severe period pain, pelvic pressure, and bloating can significantly affect a woman's daily life. One common but often overlooked cause of these symptoms is adenomyosis. This condition occurs when the tissue that normally lines the inside of…
An anal fissure is a small tear or cut in the lining of the anal canal. Although it is usually not a serious condition, it can cause intense pain during bowel movements, bleeding, and significant discomfort. Many people avoid seeking…
ttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition that affects attention, self-control, and activity levels. People with ADHD may find it difficult to stay focused, complete tasks, manage impulses, or remain still for long periods. Although ADHD is…
Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is a common allergic condition that affects the lining of the nose. It develops when the immune system overreacts to harmless substances in the environment, known as allergens. These allergens trigger inflammation inside…
You don't need to play tennis to develop tennis elbow. Repetitive movements involving the wrist and forearm can put repeated stress on the tendons around the elbow. Tennis elbow usually causes pain and tenderness on the outside of the elbow.…
Diverticulosis is a condition in which small pouch-like structures, called diverticula, develop in the wall of the colon. Diverticulosis itself does not mean that these pouches are infected or inflamed. Many people with diverticulosis have no symptoms and may discover…
BBedwetting, medically known as nocturnal enuresis, is the involuntary passage of urine during sleep. It is common in children, particularly during the early years when bladder control is still developing. Many children gradually become dry at night as their bladder…